The Essenes, interestingly, are not mentioned in the New Testament, or in rabbinic literature. Currently two theories exist in the academic world. There is a portion of those people called Essenes, in number somewhat more than four thousand in my … 8. They also furnish us with many proofs of a love of virtue, such as abstinence from all covetousness of money, from ambition, from indulgence of pleasures, temperence, endurance, and also moderation, simplicity, good temper, the absence of pride, obedience to the laws, streadiness, and everything of that kind; and, lastly, they bring forward as proofs of the love of mankind, goodwill, equality beyond all power of description, and fellowship, about which it is not unreasonable to say a few words. The first theory claims that they were a group that originated in Israel. �`�_���k��3��EC#�:�I|��S��?U�������TG�:��$���C���'f��lj��0F���?bf��[�(�:�`tg��S��}e��v����� ��`���Fl�f�z�f�A H�}n����������3��9( =��ʉ3�KlFo7R �U� �*���7\� ���l�5��"hI�x�? X��'2C���(����?�`"�X�X20��~إ��(~�Ze16�1�K�D���M1 %��������� The Life of the Essenes. Many of the Essene groups appear to have been celibate, but Josephus speaks also of another "order of Essenes" that observed the practice of being engaged for three years and then becoming married. For centuries, both ancient writers and modern scholars read reports about the Essenes from writers such as Josephus, Philo, Pliny, Porphyry, and Jerome — the “classical sources” o… They do not enlist by race, but by volunteers who have a zeal for righteousness and an ardent love of men. 3 An Essene was, in fact, to show fidelity to all men, but specially to those in authority. There were about four thousand Essenes, according to the testimony of Philo and Josephus. p. 136. religion and philosophy, and it is in this direction that we must look for the best in Gnosticism. Steve Mason argues that the texts of Josephus cannot be relied upon to support the conclusion that the Essenes were the authors of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the inhabitants of Qumran. 4. Translated by C.D.Yonge (1854) Qumran, on a plateau by the Dead Sea, was occupied by Essenes during the late Second Temple period continues to divide scholars. with the Essenes, who embraced contemplation. (75) Moreover Palestine and Syria too are not barren of exemplary wisdom and virtue, which countries no slight portion of that most populous nation of the Jews inhabits. According to Josephus, they had customs and observances such as collective ownership, electing a leader to attend to the interests of th… "No one," says Philo, "not even immoderately cruel tyrants, nor of the more treacherous and hypocritical oppressors, was ever able to bring any real accusation against the multitude of those called Essenes or Holy." XIII. (82) Then one, indeed, takes up the holy volume and reads from it, and another of the men of the greatest experience comes forward and explains what is not very intelligible, for a great many precepts are delivered in enigmatical modes of expression, and allegorically, as the old fashion was; (83) and thus the people are taught piety, and holiness, and justice and economy, and the science of regulating the state, and the knowledge of such things as are naturally good, or bad, or indifferent, and to choose what is right and to avoid what is wrong, using a threefold variety of definitions, and rules, and criteria, namely, love of God, love of virtue, and love of mankind. The oldest accounts of Essenes we have come from Philo of Alexandria (c. 20 B.C.--50 A.D.): Quod omnis liber probus sit ( Every Good Man Is Free) and Hypothetica also called Apologia. Philo says in the former: Philo's second account of the Essenes: "The Essenes live in a number of towns in Judea, and also in many villages and in large groups. << /Length 4 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Tabor denies that the Essenes were Pythagorean or pacifist. §124, and Philo Hypothetica 11.
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